Purchase Order
The buyer’s document, not the seller’s. It is the first official offer in the transaction, which means it becomes a contract the moment the seller acts on it.
- A PO number the seller has to quote back, so invoices can be matched
- Delivery dates, quantities and agreed prices stated precisely
- A reusable template for your purchasing team
- Drafted by experienced lawyers, with terms on it rather than just a price
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What a purchase order is
The buyer’s written offer to a seller, setting out what is being bought, how much of it and at what price.
A purchase order is a commercial document and the first official offer issued by a buyer to a seller, indicating the types, quantities and agreed prices for the products or services being bought. It is used to control the purchasing of goods and services from external suppliers.
Buyers draft purchase orders. This is not the seller’s document. It carries a purchase order number, which is also quoted on the invoice so that the two can be matched, and it states the specific details of the products required, the requirements and the date they are needed by.
Because it is an offer, it becomes a binding contract as soon as the seller accepts it. Accepting can be as informal as beginning the work, which is why the terms on the order matter as much as the price on it.
- Issued by
- The buyer
- Issued to
- The seller
- Legal status
- An offer
- Becomes a contract
- On acceptance
- Including by starting work
- Carries
- A PO number
- Matched to
- The invoice
- By that number
- Often preceded by
- An estimate
Why have one drafted
- Drafted by lawyers, so the terms on it are terms you would want to be held to
- Built for how your purchasing actually runs, approvals included
- A reusable template rather than a one-off document
- The whole engagement handled online
- Thousands of businesses served across every state in India
What the drafting covers
- A short call about what you buy and how purchases get authorised
- A purchase order template drafted for your business
- The terms of purchase drafted onto it, not left to the seller’s invoice
- A numbering convention so orders and invoices reconcile
- One revision after you have read the draft
What a purchase order should carry
A number, and a discipline about it
The seller quotes it on the invoice. It is what lets accounts match an invoice to something somebody authorised, and it is the whole point of raising orders at all.
Specifics, not categories
The exact products, the quantities, the agreed prices and the date they are required by. "Assorted fittings as discussed" is a dispute waiting for a delivery.
Your terms of purchase
Payment terms, inspection and rejection, delivery and title. If the order is silent, the seller’s own terms on the back of the invoice usually fill the gap instead.
Purchase order, estimate, invoice
One is written by the buyer and two by the seller, and only one of the three is an offer. Getting them the wrong way round is how a business ends up bound by terms it never read.
| Attribute | Purchase order | Estimate | Final invoice |
|---|---|---|---|
| Who, and when | |||
| The buyerThe buyer, and this is the one people get backwards. A purchase order is the buyer’s document, raised to authorise the spend inside their own organisation as much as to tell the seller to go ahead. | The sellerThe service provider, setting out what the work is expected to cost before anyone has committed to it. | The sellerIssued once the order or the project is complete and the money is due. | |
| At the go-aheadThe first official offer of the transaction: types, quantities and agreed prices, from the buyer to the seller. | Before agreementWhile the buyer is still deciding. It is what they compare against a competitor’s number. | At the endThe last invoice on a job, after any advances and part-payments, showing the total still owed. | |
| What it commits you to | |||
| Once acceptedIt is an offer. When the seller accepts it, by confirming it or by starting the work, it becomes a contract on the terms it carries. | NoAn approximation of price, hours and materials. Neither side is committed by it, which is why the assumptions behind the figure belong on the document. | It is a demandIt does not create the obligation; it calls in one that already exists under the order or the contract behind it. | |
| A PO numberThe items and quantities, the agreed prices, the date they are needed by, and a purchase order number the seller must quote back on the invoice so the two can be matched. | The workingsYour company name, a description of each job, and an approximate cost for each, with materials and labour hours shown separately where they drive the number. | The amount dueWhat was supplied, what has already been paid, what remains, and the date by which it has to be paid. | |
| Controlling spendBuying from outside suppliers, where the organisation needs a record of who authorised the purchase before the money left. | Quoting workTrades where materials and labour hours drive the price: repairs, construction, fit-outs, and project work generally. | Getting paidClosing a project or an order, and starting the clock on the payment terms. | |
| Next step | Get started | Know more | Know more |
Swipe the table sideways, Purchase order stays in view. Open any attribute to read the detail behind all 3 answers.
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When does a purchase order become binding?
When the seller accepts it. Acceptance can be a written confirmation, or it can be the seller simply starting the work or dispatching the goods.
From that point the terms on the order govern the transaction, which is why they are worth drafting rather than leaving blank.
Who raises the purchase order, the buyer or the seller?
The buyer, always. A "purchase order" sent by a seller is a quotation or a proforma invoice wearing the wrong name, and it does not do the job of authorising a spend.
What is the difference between a purchase order and an invoice?
The purchase order is the buyer’s offer at the start of the transaction. The invoice is the seller’s demand for payment at the end of it.
The PO number appears on both, which is what allows accounts to reconcile them.
Do small businesses need purchase orders?
Any business where more than one person can commit money benefits from them, because the order is the record of who authorised the spend before it happened.
Where one person buys everything, the discipline matters less, but the terms on the document still do.
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